SSVI test

The stirred sludge volume index (SSVI) is one of the most widely used tests for determining the settling properties of an activated sludge.  It is a very simple and rapid test that provides a lot of information, which can be used in the routine operation and control of an activated sludge plant.  Perhaps the majority of plant operators use the SSVI test simply to assess whether an activated sludge settles well or whether it is experiencing sludge bulking.  However, it can provide a lot more useful information than this:

  • It can indicate potential operating problems with the aeration basin
  • and it can be used to ensure that the final sedimentation tank is operating efficiently.






Performing the SSVI Test

SSVI is not independent of the initial solids concentration, and consequently it is important to report the value of the SSVI at a standard concentration of 3.5 g/L.  It is thus referred to as the SSVI3.5.  In the UK the SSVI3.5  is the routine sludge settleability measure and used extensively for the design and control of secondary sedimentation tanks. 

To obtain the SSVI at 3.5 g/L two SSVI tests are required. The first is performed using the sludge as it, then a second with the sludge diluted to 50% solid by adding and equal amount of final effluent. 

Having determined the solids loading the two points are plotted and the SSVI3.5 calculated. 



determine SSVI against solids

Typical problems encountered with sludges settling in the Triton Settling Apparatus

Observation

SSVI3.5 (mL/g)

Problem

Sludge settles well with a distinct interface and clear  supernatan

<90

 

Well operated treatment plant


Sludge settles poorly but with a distinct interface and a clear supernatant

>120


Filamentous bulking – confirm by microscopic analysis


Sludge settles poorly, no distinct interface, supernatant cloudy, large amounts of scum/foam on surface

Difficult to measure/ >120

Foaming – confirm by microscopic analysis of foam for presence of Nocardia spp. and M. parvicella

Some sludge settlement but with no distinct interface. Supernatant very turbid containing a lot of small flocs. No foam or scum on surface.

Difficult to measure

 

Toxic compounds may be present in influent, causing some inhibition and toxicity, particularly of ciliated  protozoa – confirm by microscopy. 

Very little or no sludge settlement.  Sludge does not form flocs and comprises dispersed, small clumps

Can’t be measured


Severe toxic shock due to toxic compounds in influent


Sludge settles well with a distinct interface, but towards the end of the test (or later) the sludge rises to the surface of the apparatus.  Small gas bubbles observed attached to sludge flocs

60 -100


Nitrification occurring in the aeration basin, leading to denitrification of nitrate to nitrogen gas in the final clarifier.

 

Shop SSVI

For further information pleased download the SSVI manual